How to Build a Successful Fundraising Plan: A Step-by-Step Guide

Donors are giving with more strategy as economic uncertainty pushes them to be intentional about timing and effect. Your nonprofit risks missing opportunities and falling short of critical goals without a solid fundraising plan.

The best fundraising plans are structured and practical. They tell a complete story of how you're going to achieve your goals. A strong nonprofit fundraising plan gives you clarity on execution and keeps your team on the same page throughout the campaign.

We'll walk you through building a fundraising strategy for nonprofits that works in this piece.

Understanding Fundraising Plans: The Basics

A fundraising plan is a written document that outlines your organization's fundraising goals along with a step-by-step strategy to achieve them. Think of it as a roadmap that guides your nonprofit from where you are now to where you want to be financially. This working document serves as both a to-do list and a strategic blueprint. It helps your team determine priorities, responsibilities, campaigns and deadlines.

Almost half of nonprofits lack a guiding plan to stimulate growth and future success [1], despite the critical benefits of having a structured approach. Organizations that operate without this framework often find themselves jumping from campaign to campaign reactively. They miss opportunities and stretch resources thin.

What Makes a Strong Fundraising Plan

A strong nonprofit fundraising plan goes beyond listing donation goals. The most effective plans map your fundraising goals to your organization's strategic priorities and define tangible objectives for each campaign. They help you prioritize what matters most [1].

Modern fundraising strategies for nonprofits use pillars, objectives and key results instead of traditional goal setting. Pillars are overarching areas of focus that line up with your strategic plan. Objectives break these pillars down into specific targets. Key results are applicable milestones that virtually ensure positive forward momentum when you hit them [1]. This approach positions fundraising to move your mission forward rather than existing as a separate activity.

Strong plans also account for donor dynamics. Studies show that 88% of total dollars raised come from only 12% of donors [1]. Your fundraising strategic plan needs to address how you will foster these major donors while also building a broader base of support through acquisition strategies.

A well-laid-out fundraising strategy provides infrastructure to monitor key performance indicators. It strengthens organizations and helps them adapt as donor behaviors evolve. Plans built on these foundations become applicable documents you actually use, not ones that sit on a shelf gathering dust [2]. They create accountability through structured timelines and measurable goals.

Sample Fundraising Plan Overview

A complete fundraising plan template brings together multiple elements that work in concert. Nearly every sample fundraising plan will include:

• Goals: How much you raised in the past and where you can increase targets for the future

• Budget: Revenue projections alongside expenses and staff time to calculate what you're bringing in

• Calendar and timeline: Due dates, important campaign dates and approximate time frames to start each activity

• Activities: Specific fundraising initiatives you'll execute and who will handle them

• Gift pyramid: A breakdown of your overall goal into specific gift levels showing how many donations of each size you need [3]

Your plan should also include historical trends from the past 3-5 fiscal years to put revenue decisions into context. One year of data alone cannot support accurate forecasting. Plans need specificity about how each revenue area will be raised, whether through events, direct response, major gifts or other channels [4].

A reliable plan addresses donor stewardship processes and marketing strategies across multiple channels. It covers online giving tactics and the expected return on investment for fundraising expenses [4]. These components create a full picture of your fundraising operation.

Common Fundraising Plan Formats

Fundraising plan formats vary based on organizational needs and complexity. Some nonprofits use a template that functions as part example and part workbook. This allows teams to see what success looks like while building their own plan [1].

Strategic formats often incorporate a SWOT analysis where you summarize your nonprofit's fundraising strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats on a high level [1]. This assessment helps determine areas that most need focus.

Other common formats include gift range charts that identify the donations needed to achieve goals by breaking them into smaller measures. Calendar matrices help optimize role delegation and ensure team members understand timing across campaigns. Budget charts reflect specific income sources, expenses and comparisons to previous fundraising drives [5].

The format you choose should line up with how your team works. Some organizations prefer detailed planning charts that capture project information like date, time, location, attendance, costs and associated goals [5]. Others use dashboard-style formats that track key results and provide measurement tools to optimize progress [1].

Your fundraising plan template should be a living document stored where your team can access, edit and reference it throughout the year [3]. The best format is one that your organization will actually use to guide decisions and track progress.

Before You Start: Evaluate Your Current Position

Building a strategic fundraising plan without first understanding where you stand is like navigating without a map. You need a clear picture of your fundraising performance, donor relationships, organizational capabilities and available resources before drafting your nonprofit fundraising plan.

Review Past Fundraising Data

Data analysis forms the foundation of informed decision-making for your fundraising strategy for nonprofits. You need data from at least the past two years for reliable analysis in most cases [6]. Historical data from several years works better and allows you to spot patterns and trends that reveal the effects of various marketing efforts.

Create a list of every fundraising activity you completed. This has online fundraisers, recurring giving campaigns, major gift efforts and email marketing [6]. Capture the name, purpose, strategic goals, date range, intended audience and net income after subtracting costs for each activity.

Many fundraising metrics are interrelated. Analyzing them alone can mislead you. Donor retention rate tells you how many donors are giving repeatedly. Without average donation amount, you cannot gage the financial impact. Suppose you retain 90% of donors but lose two major donors who represented 30% of your budget [6]. The retention rate alone would not reveal this critical gap.

Note that outliers can cause major analysis errors. Just one ultra major donor can distort all your average donation data for smaller nonprofits [6]. Breaking data down into giving levels keeps the effect of outliers to a minimum and gives you a more accurate picture of what's happening across donor segments.

Review Your Donor Base

Your donor information holds the key to building realistic revenue projections. Mine your database to find total number of donors, returning donors who gave without an extended lapse, recaptured donors who returned after a gap and new donors [6].

Over 62% of nonprofits indicate that their biggest fundraising challenge is incomplete constituent data. When nonprofits were asked about contact information, only 55% had accurate mailing addresses on 90% or more of their constituents [7]. Phone and email data drops from there substantially.

Calculate your donor retention rate. Many think about this as the most important metric to guide your fundraising strategic plan [8]. Focus on keeping every single donor if your retention rate falls below 50%. Track giving levels by segmenting donors into ranges. This allows you to see where to focus attention on increasing donation amounts through boosted communication or outreach.

Review revenue sources across individual contributions, business gifts, sponsorships, grants, foundations and fees for service [6]. A diversified revenue stream indicates organizational health. Relying too heavily on individual contributions without income from other sources leaves you ill-prepared for economic fluctuations that affect charitable donations.

Find Organizational Strengths and Gaps

A SWOT analysis helps your team map strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats at a high level [8]. This assessment reveals areas that need focus before you commit to specific campaigns.

Fundraising readiness covers the systems, capacity and strategic clarity needed to turn funding into measurable impact [1]. Funders spot organizations lacking readiness through applications with problem statements lacking data-driven evidence, goals that are not SMART and budgets with unclear justifications quickly.

Review whether your board has influential community leaders with passion for your organization and connections to potential major donors [9]. Check if you have experienced leadership willing to devote time to fundraising substantially. Review your community image, loyal constituents, ongoing strategic planning, stable financial position and previous campaign success.

Understand Your Resources and Capacity

Check whether your team possesses the expertise needed to execute your chosen campaigns [8]. Discuss which marketing channels your organization knows well and any new channels you plan to explore. Determine if you have dedicated prospect research tools and staff who understand how to find wealth, affinity and propensity markers.

Organizational capacity refers to processes, practices and people at your disposal that enable you to deploy resources toward your mission [10]. Eight core domains define nonprofit capacity. This has financial management, adaptive capacity and board leadership.

Get into your fundraising infrastructure. This has adequate staff, up-to-date policies and procedures, and sufficient technology to support campaigns [9]. Review board giving participation, which should be 100% [8]. Determine why and address those barriers if board members are not contributing. Note that staff time represents a real cost when calculating your return on investment for fundraising expenses.

Setting the Foundation: Mission, Vision, and Goals

Your strategic fundraising plan needs roots in something deeper than revenue targets. Fundraising becomes transactional rather than transformational without connection to your mission and vision. Organizations with a culture of philanthropy see fund development as mission-aligned work rather than a standalone function [11].

Reconnect with Your Mission and Vision

Your nonprofit benefits from clear guidance on what to fund and when, a stronger story that involves donors, and team confidence rooted in aligned priorities when fundraising and strategic planning arrange themselves. Your nonprofit strategic plan outlines where you're going. Your fundraising strategy shows how you'll get there [5].

Mission statements explain what your organization does now, whereas vision statements describe the future impact you want to create. Reflecting on why your mission matters and how it's evolving helps you reconnect with purpose [12]. Visit a program site, shadow a colleague, or have meaningful conversations with leadership about the people your organization serves. These experiences reignite passion and bring fresh viewpoints to your fundraising efforts.

Determine Your Annual Fundraising Target

Strategic plans typically span 3-5 years and set your nonprofit's long-term priorities. Each year, your development team translates those priorities into a focused fundraising plan. The plan outlines goals, donor strategies, timelines, and revenue projections for the fiscal year ahead [5].

Your development plan outlines how much revenue your organization must raise via gifts, grants, sponsorships, and other fundraising sources in the coming fiscal year. Start by reviewing your strategic plan and evaluating priorities that require new or increased funding, reflect mission-critical or time-sensitive initiatives, and appeal to specific donor segments such as monthly donors, major donors, event sponsors, or grant-makers [5].

Fundraising objectives should be SMART: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. "Raise $250K" becomes more actionable as "Raise $250K in 12 months through individual major gifts and one grantmaker," for example [5]. These standards guide campaign design and team accountability.

Set three revenue goals to stay flexible as you begin fundraising: minimum, target, and aspirational [3]. Your baseline goal might be $200,000 to fully fund existing programs. Your stretch goal of $300,000 unlocks growth like expanding services into a second community or adding a part-time social worker to reduce waitlists [13].

Set Strategic Focus Areas

Select strategic areas you want to improve and goals to direct your team's efforts in addition to setting a revenue goal. Plan to spend more time on prospect research and major donor stewardship versus focusing on crowdfunding if a key goal is to build out your list of major donors [14].

Review strategic goals that need funding early, then turn those priorities into clear financial goals. Your fundraising activities are timely and targeted when you build timelines around each strategic initiative. Your development plan will have multiple fundraising goals with objectives, tactics, and timelines [5].

Break your overall target into tangible segments across individual contributions, business gifts, sponsorships, grants, and foundations. You create a fundraising plan that's balanced, future-proof, and designed to grow with your mission by breaking your overall target into these segments [13].

Create Micro-Goals that Feed the Main Goal

Turn your large goal into several smaller goals. This helps you build momentum, stay on the right track, and maintain high motivation as you move toward your goal. The process becomes easier to manage when you break your goal into measurable targets. You can focus on your fundraising objectives better [3].

You might target $2,500 by day 15, $5,000 by day 30, and $7,500 by day 45 if you're raising $10,000 over 60 days. Milestones let you spot problems early. Assign a volunteer to own each milestone. Putting a specific person in charge drives accountability and encourages real growth [15].

Share your progress with your internal team, board members, and supporters. Get them excited about helping your nonprofit reach its goals. Tell them why you chose this goal, how it will help your beneficiaries, and how they can get involved [3].

Building Your Fundraising Strategy for Nonprofits

The right mix of fundraising tactics determines how well you reach your revenue goals. A strong fundraising strategy should have multiple methods rather than relying on a single approach [6].

Different methods require different resources, investments and timelines. A grant application needs research and compliance work, while an event requires logistics and planning. A broad mix reduces dependency on any single revenue source and opens your fundraising to a bigger audience [6].

Choose Your Fundraising Methods

Seven core giving programs are the foundations of most nonprofit fundraising strategies: annual campaigns, major gifts, capital campaigns, endowment funds, planned giving, giving days, and philanthropic tools like qualified charitable distributions and charitable gift annuities [16].

Each serves distinct purposes and timelines. Digital campaigns, peer-to-peer fundraising, events and auctions, recurring donation programs, grant writing, and corporate partnerships round out your tactical options [6].

Your organization's size plays a big role in choosing the right approach. Larger organizations may have capacity to manage multiple or large-scale campaigns such as gala events or corporate sponsorships. Smaller nonprofits often find more focused efforts like crowdfunding or digital fundraising work better since they require fewer resources and a smaller team. Review your available staff, time and budget before you determine which methods are most feasible [17].

Plan for Donor Acquisition and Retention

Acquisition and retention go hand in hand. 70% of organizations surveyed said donor acquisition or retention are top challenges [18]. Even as some nonprofits raised more money, donor counts declined by 1.3% year-over-year. Donor retention rates slipped from 18.3% in 2024 to 18.1% in Q1 2025. Only 50% of organizations retain half their new donors [18].

Promoting long-term relationships often works better than focusing on acquisition alone [6]. The better the relationship and the more appreciated your donors feel, the more likely they continue giving and supporting your nonprofit. Develop stewardship plans that have updates, tailored messages, warm thank-you letters, event invitations and impact reports [6].

Develop Your Multichannel Approach

Multichannel donors give as much as three times more than single-channel donors and are more likely to keep giving year after year. Marketing campaigns that used direct mail along with one or more digital media tools experienced a 118% increase in response rate compared to those that only used direct mail [7].

Multiple communication channels will give you a way to meet donors where they are. Texts have a 99% open rate, while social posts reach audiences who may ignore email [18]. Email, social media, direct mail, phone, text and events create more opportunities and make it easier for donors to respond [19].

Think Over Matching Gifts and Corporate Partnerships

Scores of corporations will match donations made by their employees to local nonprofits. A gift-matching program doubles the donations you receive without expending double the work [6]. Research shows that 84% of donors are more likely to give if they know a matching gift is available, and 1 in 3 donors say they'd make a larger gift if their donation is being matched [20].

Corporate partnerships offer more than sponsorships. Volunteerism and volunteer grants allow corporate employees to get involved with local nonprofits. Challenge grants provide funding once your fundraiser meets an agreed-upon fundraising goal or measure [6].

Plan for Recurring Giving Programs

Nonprofits retain close to 90% of their sustainers, compared with an average retention rate of about 45% for all donors [21]. Monthly donors often start with small sums, but their donations add up over time. Their lifetime giving may meet or exceed the value of a midlevel gift [21]. Online monthly giving has grown by 40% in recent years as recurring donation options become more popular [22].

Create a monthly giving program that has perks for donors such as behind-the-scenes updates, exclusive impact stories, or branded swag or welcome kits. Recurring donors tend to give more over time and are often more engaged [6].

Creating Your Detailed Action Plan

Translating your fundraising strategy for nonprofits into executable steps requires documenting every activity, projecting revenue and costs that make sense, understanding donor giving patterns, and planning how you'll communicate with supporters.

List All Fundraising Activities

Brainstorm every possible fundraising activity your organization could execute. Personal fundraising has standing orders, direct debits, payroll giving, legacies, in memoriam gifts, major donor campaigns, and public appeals [23].

Social and recreational activities cover challenge events, sponsorship events like marathons, themed nights, auctions, raffles, and fundraising groups. Media-based fundraising uses TV appeals, radio, internet donation platforms, social networking, telephone campaigns, email, direct mail, and crowdfunding [23].

Besides individual giving, your nonprofit fundraising plan should account for grants from voluntary grant-makers like trusts and foundations, statutory grant-makers that cover central government and local councils, and private sector donors through corporate partnerships. Trading activities such as charity shops, core-related trading, merchandise sales, and membership fees also generate revenue [23].

Estimate Income and Expenses for Each Activity

Organize your charitable gift income by source: individuals, foundations, corporations, net of special events, civic groups, and faith groups. To cite an instance, compare multi-year trends when estimating fundraising income, get into retention rates, assess gift increases per donor based on relationship quality, and measure donor satisfaction [24].

Calculate both direct and indirect expenses. Direct expenses cover venue costs, food and drink, equipment and materials, decor, and staff such as caterers or auctioneers [25]. Indirect expenses represent costs your organization doesn't pay out of pocket and have staff time spent planning and attending. Track hours spent by paid staff and multiply by their total hourly earnings to calculate indirect cost. This should cover benefits. Use the national average value of volunteer time for volunteer hours [26].

Build Your Gift Pyramid

Traditional fundraising best practices hold that 80% of a fundraising campaign will be contributed by 20% of donors. A $1M goal means you need approximately 47 gifts ranging from $200Kto $1K, with nine gifts from $200K to $50K totaling $800K [27].

You need at least four quality prospects for every gift needed. A quality prospect has capacity to give at the requested level and affinity for your mission [28].

Develop Marketing and Communication Plans

Create objectives that are ambitious, memorable, and line up with your mission. Assign owners for each pillar and outline activities over the next quarter. Develop a content calendar that plans when to share content on each channel and keeps staff bandwidth in mind [8].

Organizing Your Fundraising Calendar

Timing determines success as much as strategy does. Calendar organization brings structure to your strategic fundraising plan and prevents last-minute scrambles and missed opportunities.

Set Campaign Dates and Deadlines

Map fixed dates that anchor your nonprofit fundraising plan first. Mark non-negotiable commitments like GivingTuesday, fiscal year dates, and grant deadlines [29]. Secure dates well in advance when you plan events. Adequate lead time ensures you book ideal venues and vendors while giving guests more time to RSVP [30].

Annual events benefit from consistency. Host your fundraiser around the same time each year so supporters know when to expect it and plan. Be mindful of holidays and other national or local events that might draw attention away from your fundraiser [30].

Survey supporters to find out when they're most available to attend. This shows you value their input while you choose a date that maximizes attendance and fundraising potential [30].

Plan Around Donor Giving Patterns

Giving patterns vary substantially by cause. Fall guides several causes, with veterans seeing 39% of annual giving and education groups seeing 32%. Environment-focused nonprofits peak in winter at 33%, which reflects year-end giving patterns. Religious organizations show year-round consistency at 25-27% per season. Animal welfare remains steady across all four seasons [10].

December sees 30% of all annual giving. The last three days of the year alone account for 10%. Year-end campaigns should begin in November, though some nonprofits start as early as September [31]. Summer tends to be slower, with education at 16% and environment at 17%. This quieter period offers opportunities to test new approaches with less competition for donor attention [10].

Schedule Stewardship Activities

Ensure at least two or three touchpoints that are not asks for every solicitation on your fundraising calendar [32]. Organize stewardship strategies by donor segment and provide customized, consistent communication throughout the year [33]. Stewardship should never be everyone's job without being anyone's job. Assign responsibility and set expectations for follow-up, reporting, and relationship management [32].

Work Backwards from Key Events

Capital campaigns require clear deadlines. Work backward to create a timeline covering planning, quiet phase, kick-off, public phase, and wrap-up. Use your project scope to determine the general length of each phase. Review your timeline with the core team before you finalize it [34].

Implementing Your Plan: Roles and Execution

Execution separates plans that succeed from those that never leave the page. The RACI matrix clarifies who is doing what, who makes decisions, and who needs to be kept in the loop [35]. This project management tool prevents confusion, avoids decision-making bottlenecks, and will give tasks a safety net so nothing falls through the cracks.

Assign Clear Responsibilities

Define clear roles and responsibilities for each individual on your fundraising team [36]. Fundraising directors guide the overall strategy and manage team members. Major gifts officers focus on cultivating relationships with major donors and securing donations from them.

Grant managers identify relevant opportunities and maintain compliance with funding requirements. Event coordinators organize fundraising events. Marketing leads handle communication and visibility. Volunteer coordinators manage volunteers helping with fundraising activities [36].

Board members work with staff to influence and support the broader fundraising plan. Staff members handle execution of day-to-day activities [37]. Staff write annual appeal letters and put together donor packets. Board members introduce potential donors, make the ask, and write thank-you letters once gifts are received [38].

Delegate Tasks to Team Members

Delegation creates space for everyone to thrive [39]. Nonprofits that delegate non-core tasks allow staff to concentrate on strategic initiatives like cultivating major donors. Stress reduces as workload becomes manageable. Efficiency increases as experts handle specialized tasks [40].

Clear communication of expectations prevents micromanagement [41]. Establish what the outcome should look like. Decide who the project should be delegated to. Identify the due date with buy-in and schedule regular check-ins to address questions [42]. Staff feel they're making the most important contributions when given opportunities to work on projects within their comfort level or area of interest [43].

Plan for Volunteer Involvement

Using staff-driven volunteers in fundraising requires planning and ongoing attention [44]. Educate volunteers about current donation goals before any major fundraising push begins. Volunteers can assist with event planning and logistics, ticket sales, marketing promotion, setup, guest services, and booth management [1]. Correspondingly, 85% of volunteers also donate financially to the nonprofit they serve [9].

Set Up Tracking and Reporting Systems

Track key details including funding opportunities identified, contact information for funders, application deadlines, and requested amounts [45]. Performance management tools help cut out distractions, refine portfolios, and support active stewardship by allowing up-to-the-minute entry and management of contact reports, proposals, and tasks [46].

Monitoring, Adjusting, and Improving Your Plan

Measurement drives improvement. Your nonprofit fundraising plan needs specific metrics and regular review mechanisms for every component.

Track Key Performance Indicators

Effective plans monitor more than total revenue. They track donor acquisition cost, donor retention rates, average gift size, lifetime donor value, return on investment for each activity, and progress toward unrestricted funding goals [47]. Focus on KPIs tied to organizational strategy through a goal-setting framework [12]. Your annual fundraising plan breaks down into key results that create useful milestones. Hit these milestones and you ensure positive forward momentum [48].

Conduct Quarterly Reviews

Your annual fundraising plan breaks into 90-day implementation sprints. This creates momentum and allows for adaptation [47]. Monthly metrics reviews provide informed accountability. You identify trends and adjust strategies based on actual outcomes rather than assumptions when you review key performance indicators.

Quarterly step-back sessions evaluate broader progress. You celebrate successes, learn from challenges, and adjust upcoming priorities based on changing conditions [47].

Make Adjustments When Needed

Your fundraising plan should be a living, breathing document [48]. Assess if you're on track to meet your goals. If not, determine what changes need to happen [2]. Get into how each fundraising channel performs and identify your strongest channels. Think over reallocating resources to those that are most effective [49].

Document Lessons Learned for Future Plans

Capture lessons immediately after projects complete. Elements that worked and those that didn't are fresh in your mind at this point [50]. Ask whether the project achieved its intended outcome and was executed according to vision. Was it worth the effort considering staff bandwidth and chance costs?

Conclusion

You now have everything you need to build a fundraising plan that drives real results for your organization. You understand how to analyze your current position and set goals that matter. You know how to choose the right activities and execute with clarity.

Take the case of nonprofits operating without structured plans. They constantly react instead of leading. Organizations with solid fundraising strategies attract more donors and retain supporters longer. They achieve their mission goals.

Start building your plan today. Set your revenue targets and assign responsibilities. Create your calendar. Keep tracking your progress and adjust as needed. Your fundraising success depends on consistent execution, not perfection.

Key Takeaways

Building a successful fundraising plan requires strategic thinking, systematic execution, and continuous monitoring to transform your nonprofit's financial sustainability.

• Start with data-driven assessment: Analyze 2-3 years of fundraising history, donor retention rates, and organizational capacity before setting goals

• Set SMART revenue targets with three levels: Create minimum, target, and aspirational goals broken into micro-milestones for sustained momentum

• Diversify your fundraising mix strategically: Combine major gifts, recurring donations, grants, and events rather than relying on single methods

• Use the 80/20 rule for donor focus: Remember that 80% of donations typically come from 20% of donors when building your gift pyramid

• Create accountability through clear roles: Assign specific responsibilities using RACI matrices and conduct quarterly reviews to track progress

The most successful nonprofits treat their fundraising plan as a living document that guides daily decisions, not a static report that sits on a shelf. Organizations with structured plans consistently outperform those operating reactively, achieving better donor retention and stronger mission impact.

FAQs

Q1. What are the 5 P's of fundraising?

A planning framework covering purpose, people, process, performance, and persistence — strategic goals, clear roles, systematic donor approaches, tracked metrics, and consistent follow-through. A strong fundraising plan addresses each so strategy translates into execution.

Q2. What is the 80/20 rule in fundraising?

Roughly 80% of total donations come from 20% of donors. For a $1 million goal, about $800,000 comes from top donors via major gifts. This shapes your gift pyramid and tells you where to focus cultivation effort.

Q3. What are the 3 C's of fundraising?

Clarity, consistency, and capacity: set SMART goals with specific objectives, maintain regular donor communication and stewardship, and match campaigns to your actual staff and resources. Together they keep your plan realistic and executable.

Q4. What is the rule of 7 in fundraising?

Donors need multiple touchpoints before giving. Schedule at least two or three non-ask interactions — impact updates, event invites, thank-yous — for every solicitation. Consistent stewardship lifts retention and lifetime donor value.

Q5. How do I create a realistic fundraising budget?

Analyze at least two years of historical data, estimate income and expenses per activity (including indirect costs like staff time), and segment your revenue target across individuals, grants, corporate partners, and events. Set minimum, target, and aspirational goals for flexibility.